Thyroid autoimmunity and reproduction: Bidirectional relationship that continues to intrigue

Anodal Stimulation - The Intrigue Continues

When cardiac pacing is performed in the bipolar configuration, both the cathode (negatively charged electrode) and the anode (positively charged electrode) are in contact with the myocardium. Myocardial stimulation by the pacing stimulus typically occurs only at the interface with the cathode. This is because (i) given equal sized electrodes, anodal stimulation has a higher threshold compared t...

Is There any Association between Thyroid Autoimmunity and Breast Cancer?

Background: The relationship between thyroid autoimmunity and breast cancer is a challenging subject. We aimed to investigate this association in women with breast cancer. Methods: In this descriptive study, 41 women with newly diagnosed breast cancer before receiving any pharmacologic treatment and 38 healthy age-matched women were enrolled. Anti TPO Ab (anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies), FT...

The Thyroid and Autoimmunity

Selenium and thyroid autoimmunity

The trace element selenium (Se) occurs in the form of the amino acid selenocysteine in selenoproteins. Selenoproteins exerts multiple physiological effects in human health, many of which are related with regulation of reduction-oxidation processes. In fact, the selenoenzyme families of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and thioredoxin reductase (TRx) display the ability to act as antioxidants, prote...

Thyroid Autoimmunity and Lichen

Lichen planus (LP) and lichen sclerosus (LS) are cutaneous-mucous diseases with uncertain epidemiology. Current data, which are likely to be underestimated, suggest a prevalence in the general population of 0.1-4% for cutaneous LP, 1.27-2.0% for oral LP, and 0.1-3.3% for LS. While etiology of lichen is still unknown, clinical and histological evidence show an (auto)immune pathogenesis. Associat...